Ian: 1 revision imported: Chaldean settlements

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{{For|places with a similar name|Ras al-Ayn (disambiguation){{!}}Ras al-Ayn}}
{{redirect|Sikan|the villages in Iran|Sikan, Iran (disambiguation){{!}}Sikan, Iran}}
{{Infobox settlement


|official_name = Ras al-Ayn
|other_name = Serê Kanîyê
|native_name = رأس العين
|nickname =
|motto =
|settlement_type =City

|image_skyline =Main_square,_Ra's_al-'Ayn,_Syria.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Ras al-Ayn Main Roundabout
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|pushpin_map = Syria 
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_mapsize =300
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Syria

|coordinates_display = inline,title
|coordinates_region = SY
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{Flag|Syria}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Governorates of Syria|Governorate]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Al-Hasakah Governorate]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Syria|District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Ras al-Ayn District]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Nahiyah]]
|subdivision_name3 = Ras al-Ayn
|subdivision_type4 =
|subdivision_name4 =

|government_footnotes =

|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref =Metric 

|population_as_of = 2004 census
|population_footnotes =
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|population_total = 29,347

|timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset = +2
|timezone_DST = +3
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|latd=36|latm=51|lats=|latNS=N
|longd=40|longm=04|longs=|longEW=E
|elevation_footnotes = 
|elevation_m = 360
|elevation_ft =

|postal_code_type = 
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|area_code = 52|52
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}}
'''Ras al-Ayn''' ({{lang-ar|رأس العين}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|Ras al-Ayn}}'', {{lang-ku|Serê Kanîyê}}, {{lang-syc|ܪܝܫ ܥܝܢܐ}} ''{{transl|syc|Rēš Aynā}}'') is a [[Syria]]n city administratively belonging to [[Al-Hasakah Governorate]]. According to the [[Central Bureau of Statistics (Syria)|Syria Central Bureau of Statistics]] (CBS), Ras al-Ayn had a population of 29,347 in the 2004 census. It is the administrative center of a nahiyah ("subdistrict") consisting of 67 localities with a combined population of 121,536 in 2004.<ref>[http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB08-15-2004.htm General Census of Population and Housing 2004]. [[Central Bureau of Statistics (Syria)|Syria Central Bureau of Statistics]] (CBS). Al-Hasakah Governorate. {{ar icon}}</ref> It forms a [[divided city]] with [[Ceylanpınar]] in [[Turkey]] and there is a [[border crossing]]. The population consists mostly of [[Arabs]] and [[Kurds in Syria|Kurds]] in addition to a significant number of [[Assyrians in Syria|Syriacs/Assyrians]] and a smaller number of [[Armenians in Syria|Armenians]] and [[Chechens]].

== History ==
The ancient Neo-Assyrian city of Sikan is on the southern edge of the mound at Ras al-Ayn. Its location is near the modern-day Tell el Fakhariya, where the famous [[Tell el Fakhariya Bilingual Inscription]] was found. In antiquity it was known as "Resaina", "Ayn Warda", and "Theodosiopolis" being named after the [[Byzantine]] emperor [[Theodosius I]] who granted the settlement city rights. The latter name was also shared with the Armenian city of Karin (modern [[Erzurum]]) making it difficult to distinguish between them.<ref name=Gibb433>{{Harvnb|Gibb|1995|p=433}}</ref>
The [[Sasanians]] destroyed the city twice in 578 and 580 before rebuilding it and constructing one of the three Sasanian academies in it (the other two being [[Academy of Gondishapur|Gundishapur]] and [[Ctesiphon]]) in it. The city fell to the Arabs in 640 who confiscated parts of the city which were abandoned by their inhabitants.<ref name=Gibb433/> The Byzantines raided the city in 942 and took many prisoners and Crusader [[Joscelin I, Count of Edessa|Joscelin I]] managed to hold the city briefly in 1129 killing many of its Arab inhabitants.<ref name=Gibb434>{{Harvnb|Gibb|1995|p=434}}</ref> Ras al-Ayn became contested between the [[Zengids]], [[Ayyubids]], and the [[Khwarazmian dynasty|Khwarazmians]] between the 12th and 13th centuries. It was sacked by [[Tamerlane]] at the end of the 14th century ending its role as a major city in [[Al-Jazira, Mesopotamia|al-Jazira]].<ref name=Gibb434/>

At its height the city had a [[Syriac Orthodox Church|West Syrian]] bishopric and many monasteries. The city also contained two mosques and an [[Church of the East|East Syrian]] church and numerous schools, baths, and gardens.<ref name=Gibb434/>

Also nearby is the [[Tell Halaf]], former site of an [[Aramean]] city.

During the Armenian Genocide which began in 1915, Ras al-Ayn was where approximately 80,000 Armenian women and children were massacred. At the time, Syria was occupied by the Ottoman Empire, which forced its indigenous Armenians into the Syrian desert to die in a variety of locations. Also see [[Ra's al-'Ayn Camps]]

As of 2004, Ras al-Ayn is the third largest city in Al-Hasakah governorate

==Syrian Civil War==
Ras al-Ayn has been engulfed in the [[Syrian Civil War]]. It has been fought over between Islamic fundamentalist rebels and Kurdish rebels. On 21 July 2013, Kurdish forces took over the city after a night of heavy fighting.

==Demographics==
In 2004 the population was 29,347. The population consists mostly of [[Arabs]] and [[Kurds in Syria|Kurds]] in addition to a significant number of [[Assyrians in Syria|Syriacs/Assyrians]] and a smaller number of [[Armenians in Syria|Armenians]] and [[Chechens]].

== Ras al-Ayn springs ==
[[File:Ras Al Ain Springs.jpg|right|thumb|Ras al-Ayn hot springs]]
Ras al-Ayn has more than 100 natural [[spring (hydrosphere)|springs]]. The most famous spring is Nab'a al-Kebreet, a hot spring with a very high [[mineral]] content, containing everything from simple calcium to lithium, and even radium.

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

=== References ===
*{{cite book|last=Gibb|first=Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen|title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam: NED-SAM|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OO4pAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=14 November 2012|year=1995|publisher=Brill}}

{{Al-Hasakah Governorate|ras}}

[[Category:Kurdish settlements]]
[[Category:Assyrian settlements]]
[[Category:Cities in Syria]]
[[Category:Populated places in Ras al-Ayn District]]
[[Category:Divided cities on the Turkish-Syrian border]]
[[Category:Armenian Genocide]]

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