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{{Infobox monarch
| name = Šagarakti-Šuriaš
| title = [[List of kings of Babylon|King of Babylon]]
| image= Nabonidus cylinder sippar bm1.jpg
| caption = The ''Nabonidus Cylinder'' which names Šagarakti-Šuriaš as builder of the Eulmaš temple.
| reign = 1245–1233 BC
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Kudur-Enlil]]
| successor = [[Kashtiliash IV|Kaštiliašu IV]]
| spouse =
| royal house = [[Kassites|Kassite]]
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =}}

'''Šagarakti-Šuriaš''', written phonetically ''ša-ga-ra-ak-ti-šur-ia-aš'' or <sup>d</sup>''ša-garak-ti-šu-ri-ia-aš'' in [[cuneiform]] or in a variety of other forms, ''Šuriaš'' (a [[Kassite deities|Kassite sun god]] corresponding to Babylonian [[Shamash|Šamaš]], and possibly to Vedic [[Surya]]) ''gives me life'', (1245–1233 BC [[Short chronology timeline|short chronology]]) was the twenty seventh king of the Third or [[Kassites|Kassite]] dynasty of [[Babylon]]. The earliest extant economic text is dated to the 5th day of [[Nisan]] in his accession year, corresponding to his predecessor’s year 9, suggesting the succession occurred very early in the year as this month was the first in the Babylonian calendar.<ref name=brinkman>{{ cite book | title = Materials for the Study of Kassite History, Vol. I (MSKH I) | chapter = Šagarakti-Šuriaš | author = J. A. Brinkman | publisher = Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago | year = 1976 | pages = 287, 305–310 }}</ref> He ruled for thirteen years and was succeeded by his son, [[Kashtiliash IV|Kaštiliašu IV]].<ref group=i>''Babylonian King List A'', BM 33332, a broken and badly worn tablet in the British Museum, provides his name in abbreviated form, ''Šá-ga-rak-[ti-]'', and the length of his reign.</ref>

==Biography==

The ''Babylonian King List A'' names [[Kudur-Enlil]] as his father but there are no confirmatory contemporary inscriptions and the reigns are too short around this period to allow for the genealogy alleged by this king list.<ref name=brinkman/> He is featured in a letter written in later times between the [[Assyria]]n king [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]] and the [[Hittites|Hittite]] king, possibly [[Suppiluliuma II]]. Unfortunately the text is not well preserved, but the phrase “non-son of Kudur-Enlil” is apparently used to describe him, in a passage discussing the genealogy of the Kassite monarchy.<ref name=singer>{{ cite book | title = Ḫattuša-Boğazköy | chapter = KBo 28.61-64, and the struggle over the throne of Babylon | author = Itamar Singer | publisher = Gernot Wilhelm | year = 2006 | pages = 223–245 }}</ref>

===Economic turbulence===

More than three hundred economic texts have been found in several caches from [[Ur]], [[Dur-Kurigalzu]], and overwhelmingly [[Nippur]] dated to Šagarakti-Šuriaš’ reign. In addition, there are 127 tablets recently published probably recovered from Dūr-Enlilē.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Middle Babylonian Texts in the Cornell University Collections: I. The Later Kings (CUSAS 30) | author = Wilfred van Soldt | publisher = CDL Press | year = 2015 | page = 23 }}</ref> They are characterized by the extraordinary variety of spellings used to name this king, who bears a defiantly Kassite title in contrast with his predecessor. Brinkman identifies eighty four<ref name=brinkman/> permutations, but disputes the suggestion by others that Ātanaḫ-Šamaš was a Babylonianized equivalent adopted to overcome the linguistic problems of the natives.<ref>{{ cite book | title = MSKH I | chapter = Ātanaḫ-Šamaš | author = J. A. Brinkman | pages = 323–324 }}</ref> The texts record events such as the hire of slaves, payments in butter to temple servants, and even an agreement to assume a debt for which a priest had been imprisoned.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Documents from the Temple Archives of Nippur dated in the Reigns of the Cassite Rulers | author = Albert T. Clay | publisher = Departmenf of Archaeology, University of Pennsylvania | year = 1906 | pages = 71–72 }} CBM 3341, 3519, 12908.</ref> Amīl-Marduk was the [[Šandabakku]] or governor of Nippur during his reign, a position he had filled since the earlier reign of Kudur-Enlil.

It has been suggested that the preponderance of commercial texts detailing debts, loans and slave transactions indicate that Babylonia faced hard economic times during his reign, where people sold themselves into slavery to repay their creditors.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia | author = Stephen Bertman | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2003 | page = 102 }}</ref> One of which<ref group=i>Tablet Ni 2891.</ref> seems to indicate his involvement in the incarceration of an individual<ref>{{ cite book | title = Life at the Bottom of Babylonian Society | author = Jonathan S. Tenney | publisher = Brill | year = 2011 | page = 120 }}</ref> while another<ref group=i>Ni 2885.</ref> is a declaration of ''zakût nippurēti'', "freeing of the women of Nippur" as part of a general amnesty.<ref>{{ cite journal | title = Babylonian Royal Land Grants, Memorials of Financial Interest, and Invocation of the Divine | author = J. A. Brinkman | journal = Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient | volume = 49 | issue = 2 | year = 2006 | jstor = 25165127 | page = 42 }} note 187.</ref> Ini-Tešub, the king of [[Carchemish|Kargamiš]], wrote a letter to him complaining about the activities of the [[Ahlamu]] and their effect on communications and presumably trade.<ref name=singer/>

===The Sippar-Annunītu Eulmaš of Ištar-Annunītu===

Šagarakti-Šuriaš built the shrine, or Eulmaš, of the warrior goddess Ištar-Annunītu, in the city of [[Sippar-Amnanum|Sippar-Annunītu]]. [[Nabonidus]] (556-539 BC), the last king of the [[Neo-Babylonian Empire]], recorded on one of his four [[Cylinder of Nabonidus|foundation cylinders]], pictured, that

{{ quote|text=I excavated, surveyed, and inspected the old foundations of Eulmaš, (Anunitu’s) temple which is in Sippar-Anunitu, which for ''eight hundred years'', since the time of Šagarakti-Šuriaš, king of Babylon, son of Kudur-Enlil, and on the foundation deposit of Šagarakti-Šuriaš, son of Kudur Enlil, I cleared its foundations and laid its brickwork.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Identification of Darius the Mede | author = George R. Law | publisher = Ready Scribe Press | year = 2010 | page = 207 }}</ref>| sign=''Inscription of Nabonidus''|source=cylinder BM 91124, in the British Museum. }}

They were actually separated by slightly less than six hundred and eighty years. This is the only other inscription describing Šagarakti-Šuriaš as son of Kudur-Enlil. Another of his cylinders quotes his statue inscription, buried in a trench at the site of the temple:

{{ quote|Šhagarakti-šuriaš, a faithful shepherd, a revered prince, favorite of Šamaš and Anunit - am I. When Šamaš and Anunit, for lordship of the Land mentioned a name, they filled my hands with the leading string of all peoples. At that time Ebarra the temple of Šamaš of Sippar, my lord, and Eulmaš temple of Anunit of Sippar-Anunit, my lady, whose walls since the time of Zabum because of old age had sagged - their walls I demolished. Of their ruined foundations - I took away their earth. Their shrine(s) I preserved. Their plans I retained perfect. I filled in their foundations with earth; the supporting wall(s) I restored. Their walls in their places I embellished. Their appearance I rendered more excellent than before. Forever, O Šamaš and Anunit, because of my precious deeds may your hearts be glad. May they lengthen my days. May they renew (my) life. Days of joy, month(s) of happiness, years of prosperity may they grant (me) as a gift. A judgment of precision and justice may I speak, and may they cause peace to be always.<ref>{{ cite journal | title = New Inscriptions of Nabuna'id | author = S. Langdon | journal = The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures | volume = 32 | number = 2 | date = Jan 1916 | jstor = 52834 | page = 115 | doi=10.1086/369788}}</ref> |''Inscription of Nabonidus''|cylinder BM 104738, column III, lines 44 to 62. }}

===The Seal legend===
[[File:Cuneiform inscriptions found on the lapis lazuli cylinder seal of Shagarakti-Shuriash were recorded on this clay tablet from Nineveh, Iraq. Circa 689 BCE. Currently housed in the British Museum in London.jpg|thumb|Cuneiform inscriptions found on the lapis lazuli cylinder seal of Shagarakti-Shuriash were recorded on this clay tablet from Nineveh, Iraq. Circa 689 BC. Currently housed in the British Museum in London]]
A clay tablet from the time of [[Sennacherib]] (705–681 BC) quotes a legendary inscription from a lapis lazuli seal. Originally the seal was in the possession of Shagarakti-Shuriash, but was carried off to [[Nineveh]] by [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]] (1243–1207 BC) as war booty when he sacked Babylon during Kaštiliašu’s reign, and he had his own inscription engraved on it without erasing the original. Sometime afterwards the seal again found its way back to Babylon, in circumstances unknown, where it was re-plundered, some six hundred years later by Sennacherib.<ref name>{{ cite book | title = Ancient chronology | author = Olaf Alfred Toffteen | publisher = University of Chicago Press | year = 1907 | pages = 71–72 }} K.2673</ref><ref>{{ cite book | title = Records of the reign of Tukulti-Ninib I, King of Assyria, about B.C. 1275 | author = L. W. King | publisher = Luzac and Co. | year = 1904 | pages = 66–69 }}</ref>

A brick discovered in situ in [[Nippur]] has an inscription along its edge which shows that Šagarakti-Šuriaš commissioned work here on the [[Ekur]] of [[Enlil]] as well.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century | author = Hermann Vollrat Hilprecht | authorlink = Hermann Vollrat Hilprecht | publisher = A. J. Hollman & Company | year = 1903 | page = 472 }}</ref>

==Inscriptions==

<references group="i"/>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Babylonian kings}}

[[Category:Babylonian kings]]
[[Category:Kassite kings]]

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